workload: 3000000 keys x 128 B loaded in random order, then 6000000 uniform random overwrites (seed 20260923) logical data = 366.2 MiB; WA below is measured over the overwrite phase only, WAL excluded == B+tree: 16 KiB pages, 128 entries/leaf, LRU buffer pool, checkpoint every 64 MiB of log pool/data pool_MiB fill_after_load SA page_writes/update WA pool_miss_rate 0.02 7.3 0.696 1.440 0.986 126.15 0.986 0.05 18.3 0.696 1.440 0.964 123.37 0.964 0.10 36.6 0.696 1.440 0.928 118.75 0.928 0.25 91.5 0.696 1.440 0.821 105.03 0.819 0.50 183.1 0.696 1.440 0.646 82.63 0.641 1.00 366.2 0.696 1.440 0.313 40.11 0.290 1.60 585.9 0.696 1.440 0.067 8.63 0.000 B+tree 100-entry scan: 2.11 leaves = 33.8 KiB read == leveled LSM: memtable 1 MiB, L0 trigger 4, L1 4 MiB, T=10, SST 1 MiB flush->L0 written/user = 0.998 size now 2.0 MiB (target 4.0 MiB) L1 written/user = 1.887 size now 3.9 MiB (target 4.0 MiB) written/pushed-from-L0 = 1.899 L2 written/user = 5.140 size now 39.7 MiB (target 40.0 MiB) written/pushed-from-L1 = 5.230 L3 written/user = 6.372 size now 366.2 MiB (target 400.0 MiB) written/pushed-from-L2 = 7.188 total WA = 14.40 SA mean 1.116 max 1.128 compactions count src_MiB_at_pick dst_MiB dst/src overlap/pushed picked_density/level L0->L1 183 3.98 3.62 0.91 0.91 - L1->L2 731 6.09 40.61 6.67 4.33 1.87 L2->L3 654 41.56 364.14 8.76 7.12 1.83 point lookup, key exists : runs overlapping 4.50, data blocks read 1.028 (bloom 10 bits/key) point lookup, key absent : runs overlapping 4.66, data blocks read 0.039 100-entry scan : runs touched 4.68, 4 KiB blocks read 8.08 = 32.3 KiB == tiered LSM: memtable 1 MiB, merge when a level holds T=4 runs, 6 levels level 0 written/user = 0.998 runs now 2 level 1 written/user = 0.994 runs now 2 level 2 written/user = 0.984 runs now 0 level 3 written/user = 0.966 runs now 1 level 4 written/user = 0.768 runs now 0 level 5 written/user = 0.500 runs now 1 total WA = 5.21 SA mean 1.610 max 2.383 point lookup, key exists : runs overlapping 5.76, data blocks read 1.039 (bloom 10 bits/key) point lookup, key absent : runs overlapping 6.00, data blocks read 0.051 100-entry scan : runs touched 6.00, 4 KiB blocks read 9.59 = 38.4 KiB